如何养护鲜花How conservation flowers

鲜花买回来后，如果养护不当，鲜花在短时间内很快就会蔫枯而失去观赏价值。下面介绍几种简单易行的鲜切花保鲜的办法：　　

　　水中剪取法：将花枝置于水中剪取，使切口在切离母体时不与空气接触；也可将已剪切下的花枝浸入水中，在水中再剪去一段，同样可以避免空气的进入，但要注意花头一定要露出水面。　　

　　灼焦法：是将木本花卉的枝条末端放在蜡烛的火焰上烧2-3分钟后将烧焦的花枝剪去一点放入酒精中浸泡1分钟，取出后放在清水中漂洗干净后插入瓶中，这样既可避免花枝的输导组织堵塞，又可防止枝条剪口被细菌感染，使花朵不断得到水分供应，延长保鲜。绣球、丁香、木香、芍药、月季、菊花、象牙红等均可用此法处理。 　　

　　浸烫法：将草本花卉的花枝末端用纱布包住剪口，浸入80度热水中1分钟左右后取出插入瓶中，这样可起到梗塞切口的作用，防止花枝组织中的汁液外溢，从而延长花期。　　

　　深水急救法：鲜花垂头时，可剪去花枝末端一小段，再放到盛满冷水的容器中，仅留花头露于水面，经一至二小时，花枝就会苏醒过来。此法对草本、木本花卉均适用。　　

　　使用保鲜剂法：在插花的容器中加入适量的鲜花保鲜剂，能延长插花时间。此外，用三千分之一的阿司匹林水溶液或二千分之一的高锰酸钾水溶液插菖兰能延长花期三至五天，加适量的硼酸、硫磺、石碳酸、水杨酸、食盐、维生素等，均有延长花期的作用。　　

　　切口物理处理法：一是在剪花枝时将切口剪成斜面，以增加花枝吸水面积；二是对一些枝梗脆的花枝，用手直接折断，以扩大切口，使花枝的导管不受剪压而破坏；三是将切口纵面劈成数份，嵌入小石粒撑开切口：四是将剪切下的花枝基部约3厘米处轻轻锤碎，以增大吸水面积，延长插花寿命。一般草本花卉宜用斜剪、撑开切口；木本花卉如玉兰、绣球、丁香、紫藤等宜用折枝、锤碎法。　　

　　增加营养法：插花容器的水中可加入糖、维生素、生长激素、医用止痛片等，均能延长花朵保鲜时间，也能起到延长花期作用，但必须适量。　　

　　鲜花用水：插花容器中的水质要清洁，水深要浸没切口以上，水面与空气要有最大的接触面。盘类容器的水深，应以浸过花插高度为宜，以保证花材切口能及时吸水；瓶类容器的水深，应在瓶身的最宽处，因为此处的水面与空气接触面最大，有利于通气，有利于花材呼吸通畅，减少细菌的感染，相对延长花材的寿命。插花时应选用清洁的河水、井水、池塘。水质混浊时须澄清后再用。如用自来水，应先放入缸（桶）内存放一昼夜后使用。夏季每1－2天，秋冬季每2－3天换水一次（为防止瓶水变质，可放少量食盐等防腐剂）。换水时要清除残花败叶，并适当剪短花枝，重新更替切口，并在花材上喷水，使插花经常保持鲜艳。　　

　　摆放位置：插花摆放位置要合理夏季应避免强烈的阳光直射，冬季要近量离暖气或火炉远一点，否则将加速花枝的呼吸作用和水分的蒸发，易造成花朵凋萎早谢。另外，一定要注意不能将插花放在成熟的水果附近，因为水果会释放出乙烯，乙烯是一种对切花有特殊作用的有害气体，会引起切花早谢。石竹、水仙、满天星、百合花等均对乙烯气体特别敏感。



Flowers bought back, if conservation misconduct, flowers in a short time and will soon be蔫Blight lost ornamental value. Below introduced several simple fresh cut flowers fresh approach:

Water剪取Law: flowers will be placed in the water剪取so that the incision in the mother, do not cut away from contact with the air; Shear may also have been under the water ingress squid in the water again剪去section of the air into the same can be avoided, but bearing in mind first must spend above the surface.

Blanch Coke Law: Flower is the woody branches will end on the candle flame, burning 2-3 minutes later, charred squid剪去point Add alcohol immersed one minute, out on the water after rinsing in clean inserted after bottle, flowers in hand to avoid the translocation organizations plug, prevent shear branches I was bacterial infection, has been continuously making flower water supply, extended preservation. Ball, cloves, costas, peony, rose, chrysanthemum, red, and so can this method ivory handle.

Baptist iron law: the squid will be the end of herbaceous flowers with gauze包住notches, hot water immersion 80 degrees in one minute or so removed after insertion bottle, this incision infarction can play the role of preventing squid organizations of the juice spills, which extended flowering period.

Sham急救法: flowers垂头, may剪去squid end of a short, then heaped with cold water into the container, leaving only the first flower on the surface exposed by 1-2 hours, the squid will awake from. This method of herbaceous, woody flowers are applicable.

The use of preservative method: Floral containers into a suitable number of flowers preservative, Floral time can be extended. In addition, the use of aspirin三千分之一aqueous solution of potassium permanganate solution or二千分之一interpolation qichang Portland will extend the flowering period 3-5 days, plus appropriate amount of boric acid, sulfur,石碳酸, salicylic acid, salt, vitamins, etc., are extended flowering period role.

Incision physical approach: First, cut flowers will be in the incision剪成inclined to increase the squid water area; Second is the number of branches crisp squid, direct broken hand to expand the incision so that the squid shear pressure from the catheter and damage; Third, will longitudinal劈成few incisions were embedded Xiao-shi tablets distraction incision : Fourth, the squid will shear about 3 cm at the base of gently hammer broken to increase water absorption area, Floral extend life. General herbaceous flowers suitably inclined shear, distraction incision; Woody Yulan flowers such as, ball, cloves, Wisteria, and other suitably折枝, hammer broken law.

Increasing nutrition law: Floral water containers can be joined sugar, vitamins, growth hormone, medical painkillers, fresh flowers can be extended time, can also play a role in extended flowering period, but must be adequate.

Flowers water: flower arranging in the containers to clean up the water quality, water depth to Immersion incision above the water and air have the greatest contact surface. The depth-type containers should be spent soaking highly suitable interpolation to ensure花材incision timely absorbent; Bottle type containers in the water depth should be瓶身the最宽处, because here the surface and air access of the greatest benefit ventilation is beneficial花材respiratory patency, reducing bacterial infections, relative extended花材life. Flower arrangements should choose clean water, wells and ponds. Turbid water after use should be clarified. Such as running water, should Add cylinder (barrels) a day after the release of memory use. Every 1-2 days in summer, autumn and winter * Change once every 2-3 days (to prevent water bottle degenerate, can take a small amount of salt and other preservatives). * Change when it is necessary to eliminate残花败叶and appropriate剪短squid, re-incision replacement, and花材on the sprinkler to keep bright flower arranging.

The location: Floral reasonable positioned to strong summer should avoid direct sunlight and away from winter heating to near capacity or stove longer, or they will accelerate the squid respiration and evaporation of moisture, could easily lead to long-wilting flowers. In addition, attention must be placed floral arrangement will mature fruit nearby, because fruit will release ethylene, ethylene there is a special role to cut harmful gases will cause early-cut flowers. Carnation, Narcissus, Gypsophila paniculata, lily and so particularly sensitive to ethylene gas.